© 2012 - Geocache Gifts of North America - All rights reserved.
Geocaching: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nickname(s)
Caching
First played
May 3, 2000
Clubs
Yes
Characteristics
Contact
No
Team members
optional
Mixed gender
Yes
Categorization
Outdoor Sports
Equipment
GPS receiver or GPS-enabled mobile device,[1] writing implement
Olympic
No
Geocaching is an outdoor recreational activity in which the participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver
or mobile device[2] and other navigational techniques to hide and seek containers, called "geocaches" or "caches",
anywhere in the world.
A typical cache is a small waterproof container containing a logbook where the geocacher enters the date they found it
and signs it with their established code name. Larger containers such as plastic storage containers (Tupperware or
similar) or ammunition boxes can also contain items for trading, usually toys or trinkets of little value. Geocaching shares
many aspects with benchmarking, trigpointing, orienteering, treasure-hunting, letterboxing, and waymarking.
Geocaches are currently placed in over 200 countries[3] around the world and on all seven continents, including
Antarctica,[4] and the International Space Station.[5] After nearly 13 years of activity there are over 1.9 million active
geocaches published on various websites.[6] There are over 5 million geocachers worldwide.[7]
Contents
1 History
2 Origin of Term
3 Geocaches
4 Variations
4.1 Obtaining data
4.2 Converting and filtering data
4.3 Mobile devices
4.4 Souvenirs
4.5 Geodashing
5 Terminology
6 10/10/10
7 Leap Day
8 Ethics
9 Controversy and issues
10 Websites and data ownership
10.1 First page
10.2 Geocaching.com
10.3 NaviCache
10.4 Opencaching Network
10.5 TerraCaching
10.6 GPSgames
10.7 Opencaching.com
10.8 Other sites
11 See also
12 Further reading
13 References
14 External links
History
Geocaching is similar to the 150-year-old game letterboxing, which uses clues and references to landmarks embedded in
stories. Geocaching was conceived shortly after the removal of Selective Availability from GPS on May 2, 2000, because
the improved accuracy[8] of the system allowed for a small container to be specifically placed and located. The first
documented placement of a GPS-located cache took place on May 3, 2000, by Dave Ulmer of Beavercreek, Oregon.[9]
The location was posted on the Usenet newsgroup[10][11] as 45°17.460′N 122°24.800′W. By May 6, 2000, it had been
found twice and logged once (by Mike Teague of Vancouver, Washington). According to Dave Ulmer's message, the
original stash was a black plastic bucket buried most of the way in the ground and contained software, videos, books,
food, money, and a slingshot.[11]
The Oregon Public Broadcasting program Oregon Field Guide covered the topic of geocaching in a February 2010
episode, paying a visit to the original site.[12] A memorial plaque now sits at the actual site, the Original Stash Tribute
Plaque (GCGV0P).
Origin of Term
The activity was originally referred to as GPS stash hunt or gpsstashing. This was changed after a discussion in the
gpsstash discussion group at eGroups (now Yahoo!). On May 30, 2000, Matt Stum suggested that "stash" could have
negative connotations, and suggested instead "geocaching."[13]
Geocaches
A Travel Bug from Hong Kong attached to a Common Stored Value Ticket.
For the traditional geocache, a geocacher will place a waterproof container containing a log book (with pen or pencil) and
trade items then record the cache's coordinates. These coordinates, along with other details of the location, are posted on
a listing site (see list of some sites below). Other geocachers obtain the coordinates from that listing site and seek out the
cache using their GPS handheld receivers. The finding geocachers record their exploits in the logbook and online.
Geocachers are free to take objects (except the logbook, pencil, or stamp) from the cache in exchange for leaving
something of similar or higher value.
A Geocoin.
Typical cache "treasures" are not high in monetary value but may hold personal value to the finder. Aside from the
logbook, common cache contents are unusual coins or currency, small toys, ornamental buttons, CDs, or books. Also
common are objects that are moved from cache to cache called "hitchhikers", such as Travel Bugs or Geocoins, whose
travels may be logged and followed online. Cachers who initially place a Travel Bug or Geocoins often assign specific
goals for their trackable items. Examples of goals are to be placed in a certain cache a long distance from home, or to
travel to a certain country, or to travel faster and farther than other hitchhikers in a race. Higher value items are
occasionally included in geocaches as a reward for the First to Find (called "FTF"), or in locations which are harder to
reach. Dangerous or illegal items, weapons, food and pornography are generally not allowed and are specifically against
the rules of most geocache listing sites.
A Travel Bug
Geocache container sizes range from "nanos", which can be smaller than the tip of finger and only have enough room to
store the log sheet, to 20 liter (5 gallon) buckets or even larger containers.[14] The most common cache containers in
rural areas are lunch-box sized plastic storage containers or surplus military ammunition cans. Ammo cans are
considered the gold standard of containers because they are very sturdy, waterproof, animal and fire resistant, relatively
cheap, and have plenty of room for trade items. Smaller containers are more common in urban areas because they can
be more easily hidden, the most common of these is the 35mm film canister.
A traditional geocache's hiding spot inside a stump.
Bison Tube Micro Cache Container
A classic geocache -- trade items in a military ammunition box
If a geocache has been vandalized or stolen it is said to have been "muggled" or "plundered." The former term plays off
the fact that those not familiar with geocaching are called muggles, a term borrowed from the Harry Potter series of books
which was rising in popularity at the same time Geocaching got its start.[15]
Variations
Geocaches vary in size, difficulty, and location. Simple caches are often called "drive-bys," "park 'n grabs" (PNGs), or
"cache and dash". Geocaches may also be complex, involving lengthy searches or significant travel. Examples include
staged multi-caches;[16] underwater caches,[17][18] caches located 50 feet (15 m) up a tree,[19] caches found only after
long offroad drives,[20] caches on high mountain peaks,[21] caches located in challenging environments (such as
Antarctica [22] or north of the Arctic Circle[23]), and magnetic caches attached to metal structures and/or objects.
Different geocaching websites list different variations per their own policies (e.g. Geocaching.com does not list new
Webcam, Virtual, Locationless, or Moving geocaches). The traditional Geocaching gave birth to GeoCaching – one of
active urban games of Encounter project. The game is quite similar to Geocaching but has time limitations and hints in it.
A small traditional geocache in the Czech Republic.
Variations of geocaches (as listed on geocaching.com and other popular listing sites) include:
Traditional/Basic: Must include a log book of some sort. It may or may not include trade or traceable items. A traditional
cache is distinguished from other cache variations in that the geocache is found at the coordinates given and involves
only one stage.[24]
Multi-cache: This variation consists of multiple discoveries of one or more intermediate points containing the
coordinates for the next stage; the final stage contains the log book and trade items.[24]
Offset: This cache is similar to the multi-cache except that the initial coordinates are for a location containing
information that encodes the final cache coordinates. An example would be to direct the finder to a plaque where the
digits of a date on the plaque correspond to coordinates of the final cache.[24]
Mystery/puzzle: This cache requires one to discover information or solve a puzzle to find the cache. Some mystery
caches provide a false set of coordinates with a puzzle that must be solved to determine the final cache location. In other
cases, the given location is accurate, but the name of the location or other features are themselves a puzzle leading to
the final cache. Alternatively, additional information is necessary to complete the find, such as a padlock combination to
access the cache.[24]
Night Cache: These multi-stage caches are designed to be found at night and generally involve following a series of
reflectors with a flashlight to the final cache location.[25]
Challenge Cache: These caches require that a geocacher complete a reasonably attainable geocaching-related task
before being able to log the find. Examples include finding a number of caches that meet a category, completing a number
of cache finds within a period of time, finding a cache for every calendar day, etc.[24]
Letterbox Hybrid: A letterbox hybrid cache is a combination of a geocache and a letterbox in the same container. A
letterbox has a rubber stamp and a logbook instead of tradable items. Letterboxers carry their own stamp with them, to
stamp the letterbox's log book and inversely stamp their personal log book with the letterbox stamp. The hybrid cache
contains the important materials for this and may or may not include trade items. Whether the letterbox hybrid contains
trade items is up to the owner.[24]
Locationless/Reverse: This variation is similar to a scavenger hunt. A description is given for something to find, such as
a one-room schoolhouse, and the finder locates an example of this object. The finder records the location using their GPS
hand-held receiver and often takes a picture at the location showing the named object and his or her GPS receiver.
Typically others are not allowed to log that same location as a find.[24]
Moving/Travelling: Similar to a traditional geocache, this variation is found at a listed set of coordinates. The finder
uses the log book, trades trinkets, and then hides the cache in a different location. By updating this new location on the
listing, the finder essentially becomes the hider, and the next finder continues the cycle. The hitchhiker concept (see
above) has superseded this cache type on geocaching.com.[citation needed]
A Geocacher finding a Virtual Cache at McMurdo Station, Antarctica
Virtual: Caches of this nature are coordinates for a location that does not contain the traditional box, log book, or trade
items. Instead, the location contains some other described object. Validation for finding a virtual cache generally requires
you to email the cache hider with information such as a date or a name on a plaque, or to post a picture of yourself at the
site with GPS receiver in hand.[24]
Earthcache: A type of virtual-cache which is maintained by the Geological Society of America. The cacher usually has
to perform a task which teaches him/her an educational lesson about the earth science of the cache area.[24]
Webcam: Similar to a virtual cache; there is no container, log book, or trade items for this cache type. Instead, the
coordinates are for a location with a public webcam. Instead of signing a log book, the finder is often required to capture
their image from the webcam for verification of the find.[24]
Event Cache: This is a gathering organized and attended by geocachers. Physical caches placed at events are often
active only for the event date.[24]
Cache-In Trash-Out (CITO) Events: This variation on event caching is a coordinated activity of trash pickup and
other maintenance to improve the environment.[24]
Mega Event: An event that is attended by over 500 people. Mega Events are typically annual events, usually
attracting geocachers from all over the world.[24]
GPS Adventures Maze Exhibit: An exhibit at various museums and science centers in which participants in the maze
learn about geocaching. These "events" have their own cache type on Geocaching.com and include many non-
geocachers.[24]
Wherigo cache: A Wherigo cache is similar to a multi-stage cache hunt that uses a Wherigo cartridge to guide the
player. The player plays the cartridge and finds a physical cache sometime during cartridge play, usually at the end. Not
all Wherigo cartridges incorporate geocaches into game play. Wherigo caches are unique to the geocaching.com
website.[24]
BIT Cache: Physical yet containerless caches, they are laminated cards with a URL and the password needed for
logging. More information is available at www.BITcaching.com. They are listed exclusively on Opencaching.us.
Guest Book Cache: Physical guest books often found in museums, tourist information centers, etc. They are listed
exclusively at Opencaching.us.
USB Cache: Paperless caches stored inside USB drives and embedded (with permission) into walls or other structures.
The cache is retrieved by connecting a device that has a USB port and that is able to read standard text files. Also known
as Dead Drop caches.
Obtaining data
GPX files containing information such as a cache description and information about recent visitors to the cache are
available from various listing sites. Geocachers may upload geocache data (also known as waypoints) from various
websites in various formats, most commonly in file-type GPX, which uses XML.[26] Some websites allow geocachers to
search (build queries) for multiple caches within a geographic area based on criteria such as Zip Code or coordinates,
downloading the results as an email attachment on a schedule. In the recent years, Android and iPhone users have been
able to download apps such as GeoBeagle[27] that allow them to use their 3G/Gps enabled devices to actively search for
and download new caches.
Converting and filtering data
A variety of geocaching applications are available for geocache data management, file-type translation, and
personalization. Geocaching software can assign special icons or search (filter) for caches based on certain criteria (e.g.
distance from an assigned point, difficulty, date last found).
Paperless geocaching means hunting a geocache without a physical printout of the cache description. Traditionally, this
means that the seeker has an electronic means of viewing the cache information in the field, such as pre-downloading the
information to a PDA or other electronic device. Various applications are able to directly upload and read GPX files
without further conversion. Newer GPS devices released by Garmin, DeLorme and Magellan have the ability to read GPX
files directly, thus eliminating the need for a PDA.[28] Other methods include viewing real-time information on a portable
computer with internet access or with a web-enabled smart phone. The latest advancement of this practice involves
installing dedicated applications on a smart phone with a built-in GPS receiver. Seekers can search for and download
caches in their immediate vicinity directly to the application and use the on-board GPS receiver to find the cache.
A more controversial version of paperless caching involves mass-downloading only the coordinates and cache names (or
waypoint IDs) for hundreds of caches into older receivers. This is a common practice of some cachers and has been used
successfully for years. In many cases, however, the cache description and hint are never read by the seeker before
hunting the cache. This means they are unaware of potential restrictions such as limited hunt times, park open/close
times, off-limit areas, and suggested parking locations.
Mobile devices
The website geocaching.com[29] now sells mobile applications which allow users to view caches through a variety of
different devices. Currently, the Android, iPhone, webOS, and Windows Phone mobile platforms have applications in their
respective stores. The app also allows for a trial version with limited functionality. Additionally "c:geo - opensource"[30] is
a free opensource full function application for Android phones that is very popular.
Geocaching enthusiasts have also made their own hand-held GPS devices using a Lego Mindstorms NXT GPS
sensor.[31][32]
Souvenirs
In mid-2010, Groundspeak added the souvenir feature to the website. By finding certain caches or finding caches on a
certain date, a geocacher earns a special icon which is posted on that cacher's profile page.
Geodashing
Geodashing is an outdoor sport in which teams of players use GPS receivers to find and visit randomly-selected
"dashpoints" (also called "waypoints") around the world and report what they find. The objective is to visit as many
dashpoints as possible.[33][34]
Unlike geocaching, nothing is to be left at the dashpoints; the sole objective is to visit them within the time limit.[35][36]
The first game organized by gpsgames.org[37] ran for two months (June and July 2001); each subsequent game has run
for one month. Players are often encouraged to take pictures at the dashpoints and upload them to the site.
Terminology
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2012)
There are various acronyms and words commonly used when discussing geocaching.
General:
Cache – A box or container that contains, at the very least, a logbook.
Geoswag – The items that can be found in some larger caches.
Georing – A term first coined by the South GA Geocachers group in 2011. It's the term used to refer to a notification
tone made by a smartphone when a new cache is published.
Muggle – A non-geocacher.
Muggled – Being caught by a non-geocacher while retrieving/replacing a cache; also, a muggled cache has been
removed or vandalized by a non-geocacher, usually out of misunderstanding or lack of knowledge.
Smiley – A cache find. Refers to the "smiley-face" icon attached to "Found It" logs on some listing sites.
BYOP – (Bring Your Own Pen/Pencil) The cache in question lacks a writing device for the logbook.
CITO – (Cache In Trash Out) Picking up trash on the hunt.
CO – (Cache Owner) The person who is responsible for maintaining a cache, usually the person who hid it.
DNF – (Did Not Find) Did not find the cache container being searched for.
FIGS – Found in good shape.
FTF – (First To Find) The first person to find a cache container; less commonly one may see STF (second to find, or
TTF, third to find).
FTF Hoover – Cacher who races out once they have received the Georing usually to collect all the FTF's on a full
series.
FTL – (First To Log) The first person to log the find of a cache container online.
GPS – Short for Global Positioning System, also occasionally refers to the receiver itself.
GPSr – Short for GPS receiver.
PAF – Phone-A-Friend.
SGC – (Senior GeoCacher) An experienced participant of the pursuit.
Logging a hunt:
TFTC – (Thanks For The Cache) This is often used at the end of logs to thank the cache owner.
TFTH – (Thanks For The Hunt or Hide or Hike) It shares the same purpose as TFTC, but can also be used when the
cache was not found.
TN – (Took Nothing) no trade or traveling item was removed from the cache.
LN – (Left Nothing) no trade or traveling item was added to the cache.
XN – (eXchanged Nothing) combines the previous two acronyms; nothing was removed or added.
SL – (Signed Log) used when the participant visited the cache and signed its logbook.
TSIA – (The Streak Is Alive) used when the participant has an active streak of continuous days finding a cache.
Note: the various acronyms in this section are often combined in various ways, such as "TNLNSL, TFTC!"
Location description or hint:
GRC – (GuardRail Cache) used in the description on where a cache may be hidden.
GZ – (Ground Zero or Geo-zone) refers to the general area in which a cache is hidden. For Example:- The cache is
hidden at N50 35.195 W003 27.961
ICT – (Ivy Covered Tree) used in the description on where a cache may be hidden.
LPC – (Light/Lamp Post Cache) used in the description on where a cache may be hidden. In European countries also
often used to indicate a "Lost Place cache" (a cache hidden in an abandoned structure)
MKH – (Magnetic Key Holder) used in the description on the type of container used for the cache.
P&G – (Park and Grab) used to refer to a cache that is fairly close to the nearest parking spot, does not require hiking
more than a tenth of a mile
PLC – (Parking Lot Cache) used in the description on where a cache may be hidden.
POR – (Pile Of Rocks) used in the description on where a cache may be hidden.
POS – (Pile Of Sticks or Stones) used in the description on where a cache may be hidden.
SL – (Skirt Lifter) refers to the metal or plastic skirt at the base of a lightpole, and used in reference to LPC caches
(see LPC).
SOOP – (Something Out Of Place) used to refer to a natural or other object that seems out of place, indicating a
geocache is hidden in that spot
TOTT – (Tool Of The Trade) can refer to any out of the ordinary tool needed/used to retrieve a cache. Most often used
tongue-in-cheek to refer to the use of a ladder to get to an out-of-reach cache.
UFO – (Unnatural Formation of Objects) a pile of material that obviously did not form naturally and is a likely cache
hiding spot.
UPS – (Unnatural Pile of Sticks) a pile of sticks that did not form naturally and where a cache may be hidden.[38]
10/10/10
On 10 October 2010 geocachers around the world held events and went caching to commemorate 10 years of
geocaching. In the process they set a record for the most geocachers to find a cache in a day, with 78,313 accounts
logging a cache.[39]
Leap Day
For many geocachers, Leap Day offers a unique opportunity to find a geocache. On 29 February 2012, a new record for
the most geocachers to find a cache in a single day was set when 83,516 accounts logged a cache, breaking the record
that had previously been set on 10 October 2010.[40] This was more than double the 36,696 accounts that logged a
cache on Leap Day 2008.[41]
Ethics
Individual geocaching websites have developed their own guidelines for acceptable geocache publications. Though not
universally required, the Geocacher's Creed[42] provides ethical search guidelines. Government agencies and others
responsible for public use of land often publish guidelines for geocaching.[43][44] Generally accepted rules are to not
endanger others, to minimize the impact on nature, to respect private property, and to avoid public alarm.
Controversy and issues
Cachers have been approached by police and questioned when they were seen as acting suspiciously.[45][46] Other
times, investigation of a cache location after suspicious activity was reported has resulted in police and bomb squad
discovery of the geocache. Schools have been occasionally evacuated when a cache has been seen by teachers or
police, as in the case of Fairview High School in 2009.[47][48][49] A number of caches have been destroyed by bomb
squads.[50][51][52]
The placement of geocaches has occasional critics among some government personnel and the public at large who
consider it littering. Some geocachers act to mitigate this perception by picking up litter while they search for geocaches,
a practice referred to in the community as CITO (Cache-In-Trash-Out). Events and caches are often organized revolving
around this practice, with many areas seeing significant cleanup that would otherwise not take place, or would instead
require federal, state or local funds to accomplish. Geocachers are also encouraged to clean up after themselves by
retrieving old containers once a cache has been removed from play.
Geocaching is not illegal in the United States and is usually positively received when explained to law enforcement
officials. However, certain types of placements can be problematic. Although generally disallowed, hiders could place
caches on private property without adequate permission (intentionally or otherwise), which encourages cache finders to
trespass. Caches might also be hidden in places where the act of searching can make a finder look suspicious (e.g. near
schools, children's playgrounds, banks, courthouses, or in residential neighborhoods), or where the container placement
could be mistaken for a drug stash or a bomb (especially in urban settings, under bridges, near banks, courthouses, or
embassies). As well as concerns about littering and bomb threats, some geocachers hide their caches in inappropriate
locations, that may encourage risky behaviour, especially amongst children. Examples include electrical boxes and light
pole covers.[53] Hides in these areas are discouraged,[48] and cache listing websites enforce guidelines that disallow
certain types of placements. However, as cache reviewers typically cannot see exactly where and how every particular
cache is hidden, problematic hides can slip through. Ultimately it is also up to cache finders to use discretion when
attempting to search for a cache, and report any problems.
The South Carolina House of Representatives passed Bill 3777[54] in 2005, stating, "It is unlawful for a person to engage
in the activity of geocaching or letterboxing in a cemetery or in an historic or archeological site or property publicly
identified by an historical marker without the express written consent of the owner or entity which oversees that cemetery
site or property." The bill was referred to committee on first reading in the Senate and has been there ever since.[55]
Websites and data ownership
Numerous websites list geocaches around the world. In the United States, where most geocaching services are hosted,
only a cache's coordinates are in public domain. Other cache information, including the description, is protected by
copyright law. Geocaching websites vary in active protection of cache data.
First page
The first website to list geocaches was announced by Mike Teague on May 8, 2000.[56] On September 2, 2000, Jeremy
Irish emailed the gpsstash mailing list that he had registered the domain name geocaching.com and had set up his own
Web site. He copied the caches from Mike Teague's database into his own. On September 7, Mike Teague announced
that Jeremy Irish was taking over cache listings.
Geocaching.com
GPS receivers from Trimble, Garmin, and Leica.
Container displaying the official Geocaching.com logo.
The largest site is Geocaching.com, owned by Groundspeak Inc., which began operating on September 2, 2000. With a
worldwide membership, the website lists more than 1.8 million caches in over 200 countries around the world as of June,
2012. Each cache is reviewed by regional cache reviewers before publication. Free basic membership allows users to see
coordinates for most caches in its database; premium membership includes a fee for additional features, including
advanced search tools and caches designed for premium members.
The website no longer lists new caches without a physical container, including virtual and webcam caches; however, older
caches of these types have been grandfathered in (except for locationless/reverse, which are completely archived).
Earthcaches are the exception to the no-container rule; they are caches in which players must answer geological
questions to complete the cache. Groundspeak created a waymarking website to handle all other non-physical caches.
The website also supports the discovery of benchmarks in the USA.[57] There are currently no benchmarks outside the
USA in their database. The website provides the best known longitude and latitude (sometimes only accurate to within six
or more seconds) of the object along with a description. Hunters use the clues to try to find the benchmark; the
benchmark can be logged as Found, Not Found, Note, or Destroyed. The "Destroyed" log should only be used if there is
evidence that the mark has been permanently destroyed.
Groundspeak allows extraterrestrial caches, e.g. the Moon or Mars, although presently, the website only provides
earthbound coordinates. Thus the cache that exists on the International Space Station, GC1BE91,[58] uses the launch
area Baikonur in Kazakhstan as its position.
The site promotes mobile applications branded as Geocaching Live Enabled, and lists over two dozen applications (both
mobile and browser/desktop based) that are using their proprietary but royalty-free public API.[59] Developers at c:geo
have criticised Geocaching Live for being incompatible with open-source development.[60]
NaviCache
Navicache.com started as a regional listing service around February 2001.[citation needed] While many of the website's
listings have been posted to other sites, they also offer many[quantify] unique listings. The website lists nearly any type of
geocache and does not charge to access any of the caches listed in their database. All submissions are reviewed and
approved. Navicache believes that the pastime belongs to participants rather than a governing agency.[citation needed]
Opencaching Network
The Opencaching Network provides independent, non-commercial listing sites based in the cacher's country or region.
The Opencaching Network lists the most types of caches, including traditional, virtual, moving, multi, quiz, webcam, BIT,
guest book, USB, event and MP3. The Opencaching Network is less restrictive than many sites, and does not charge for
the use of the sites. All listings are reviewed by the network operators before being published and although cross-listing is
permitted, it is discouraged. Some listings are listed on other sites, but there are many that are unique to the
Opencaching Network. Features include the ability to organize your favorite caches, build custom searches, be instantly
notified of new caches in your area, seek and create caches of all types, export GPX queries, statpics, etc. Each
Opencaching Node provides the same API for free (called "OKAPI"[61]) for developers who want to create third-party
application with Opencaching Network's content.
TerraCaching
Terracaching seeks to provide high-quality caches made so by the difficulty of the hide or from the quality of the location.
Membership is managed through a sponsorship system, and each cache is under continual peer review from other
members. Terracaching.com embraces virtual caches alongside traditional/multi-stage caches and includes many
locationless caches among the thousands of caches in its database. It is increasingly attracting members who like the
point system. In Europe TerraCaching is supported by Terracaching.eu. This site is translated in different European
languages, has an extended FAQ and extra supporting tools for TerraCaching.
Terracaching does not allow caches that are listed on other sites, so called double-listing.
GPSgames
GPSgames is a website that allows traditional geocaches as well as virtual, locationless, and traveler
geocaches.[clarification needed] Geodashing, Shutterspot, GeoVexilla, MinuteWar, GeoPoker, and GeoGolf are among
the GPS games available.
Opencaching.com
Not to be mistaken for opencaching.us, opencaching.com aims to be as free and open as possible with no paid content.
Caches are approved by a community process and coordinates are available without an account. Traditional, puzzle,
virtual, and multi caches are supported. All caches published on opencaching.com are available under an Open Source
license. The site was created by Garmin, but owning a Garmin device is not required for the full use of the site, as there
are several Android and iPhone apps that let users access the site while on the trail.[62]
Opencaching.com also provides a free API[63] for developers that want to utilize the site's content.
Other sites
In many countries there are regional geocaching sites, but these mostly only compile lists of caches in the area from the
three main sites. Many of them also accept unique listings of caches for their site, but these listings tend to be less
popular than the international sites, although occasionally the regional sites may have more caches than the international
sites. There are some exceptions though, e.g. in the former Soviet Union the site Geocaching.su remains popular
because it accepts listings in the Cyrillic script. Additional international sites include Geocaching.de, a German website,
and Geocaching Australia, which accepts listings of cache types depreciated by geocaching.com as well as traditional
geocaches.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Geocaching
Benchmarking (geolocating)
BookCrossing
Dead drop
Degree Confluence Project
Encounter (game)
Geohashing
Letterboxing
Location-based game
Minnesota State Park Geocaching Challenge
Orienteering
Puzzlehunt
Questing
Transmitter hunting
Waymarking
Wherigo
Further reading
The Joy of Geocaching by Paul and Dana Gillin (ISBN 1-88495-699-8)
The Essential Guide to Geocaching by Mike Dyer (ISBN 1-55591-522-1)
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Geocaching by Jack W. Peters (ISBN 1-59257-235-9)
Geocaching For Dummies by Joel McNamara (ISBN 978-0-7645-7571-6)
Geocaching: Hike and Seek with Your GPS by Erik Sherman (ISBN 978-1590591222)
The Geocaching Handbook (Falcon Guide) by Layne Cameron and Dave Ulmer (ISBN 978-076273044)
Let's Go Geocaching by DK Publishing (ISBN 978-0-7566-3717-0)
It's a Treasure Hunt! Geocaching & Letterboxing by Cq Products (ISBN 978-1563832680)
Open Your Heart with Geocaching: Mastering Life Through Love of Exploration by Jeannette Cézanne (ISBN 978-1-
60166-004-6)
And have a great time geocaching with some gummy bears (ISBN 978-1-60166-004-6)
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^ Deadly Caching
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^ Benchmark Hunting
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^ [1]
^ Opencaching Network API
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^ opencaching.com